As a momentous post-transcriptional regulator, microRNAs (miRNAs) are attracting more and more attention. The classical miRNAs regulated mechanism shows it binds to the targets’ 3’UTR thus play the role in post-transcription.

Meanwhile, single miRNA can target multiple genes, so those should compete to bind that miRNA. Vice versa, single gene can sponge mass of miRNAs as well. Thus the competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) hypothesis was put forward in 2011.

The ceRNA hypothesis has made huge achievements, in particular in non-coding genes, which including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circle RNAs (circRNAs) and pseudogenes, even viral transcripts. It also contributed greatly to epigenetics development.

However, an increasing number of controversies have occurred with applause. Based on this situation, this review introduces something in detail about the ceRNAs hypothesis achieved in lncRNAs,circRNAs, pseudogenes and viral transcripts, respectively. Meanwhile, it also covers controversy of the ceRNAs hypothesis

RNA silencing of hormonal biosynthetic genes impairs larval growth and development in cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a highly polyphagous pest, causing enormous losses to various economically important crops. The identification and in vitro functional validation of target genes of a pest is a prerequisite to combat pest via host-mediated RNA interference (RNAi).

In the present study, six hormonal biosynthesis genes of H. armigera were chosen and evaluated by feeding insect larvae with dsRNAs corresponding to each target gene, viz., juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (HaJHAMT), prothoracicotropic hormone (HaPTTH), pheromone biosynthesis-activating peptide (HaPBAP), molt regulating transcription factor (HaHR3), activated protein 4 (HaAP-4) and eclosion hormone precursor (HaEHP).

The loss of function phenotypes for these hormonal genes were observed by releasing second instar larvae on to artificial diet containing target gene-specific dsRNAs. Ingestion of dsRNAs resulted in mortality ranging from 60% to 90%, reduced larval weight, phenotypic deformities and delayed pupation. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the target gene transcript levels were decreased drastically (31% to 77%) as compared to control or unrelated control (GFP-dsRNA), and correlated well with the mortality and developmental defects of larvae.

Also, a comparison of the silencing efficacy of un-diced long HaPTTH -dsRNAwith RNase III diced HaPTTH-dsRNA (siRNAs) revealed that long dsRNAs were more efficient in silencing the target gene. These results indicated that the hormonal biosynthesis genes have varied sensitivity towards RNAi and could be the vital targets for insect resistance in crop plants like cotton which are infested by H. armigera.

 

Conserved Patterns in Developmental Processes and Phases, Rather than Genes, Unite the Highly Divergent Bilateria

Bilateria are the predominant clade of animals on Earth. Despite having evolved a wide variety of body plans and developmental modes, they are characterized by common morphological traits. By default, researchers have tried to link clade-specific genes to these traits, thus distinguishing bilaterians from non-bilaterians, by their gene content.

Here we argue that it is rather biological processes that unite Bilateria and set them apart from their non-bilaterian sisters, with a less complex body morphology. To test this hypothesis, we compared proteomes of bilaterian and non-bilaterian species in an elaborate computational pipeline, aiming to search for a set of bilaterian-specific genes.

Despite the limited confidence in their bilaterian specificity, we nevertheless detected Bilateria-specific functional and developmental patterns in the sub-set of genes conserved in distantly related Bilateria. Using a novel multi-species GO-enrichment method, we determined the functional repertoire of genes that are widely conserved among Bilateria. Analyzing expression profiles in three very distantly related model species-D. melanogaster, D. rerio and C. elegans-we find characteristic peaks at comparable stages of development and a delayed onset of expression in embryos. In particular, the expression of the conserved genes appears to peak at the phylotypic stage of different bilaterian phyla.

In summary, our study illustrate how development connects distantly related Bilateria after millions of years of divergence, pointing to processes potentially separating them from non-bilaterians. We argue that evolutionary biologists should return from a purely gene-centric view of evolution and place more focus on analyzing and defining conserved developmental processes and periods.

The impact of cross-kingdom molecular forensics on Genetic privacy

Recent advances in metagenomic technology and computational prediction may inadvertently weaken an individual’s reasonable expectation of privacy. Through cross-kingdom genetic and metagenomic forensics, we can already predict at least a dozen human phenotypes with varying degrees of accuracy.

There is also growing potential to detect a “molecular echo” of an individual’s microbiome from cells deposited on public surfaces. At present, host genetic data from somatic or germ cells provide more reliable information than microbiome samples.

However, the emerging ability to infer personal details from different microscopic biological materials left behind on surfaces requires in-depth ethical and legal scrutiny. There is potential to identify and track individuals, along with new, surreptitious means of genetic discrimination.

This commentary underscores the need to update legal and policy frameworks for genetic privacy with additional considerations for the information that could be acquired from microbiome-derived data. The article also aims to stimulate ubiquitous discourse to ensure the protection of genetic rights and liberties in the post-genomic era. Video abstract.

MiR-340 promotes the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) Gene

MiRNAs play key roles in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the roles and underlying mechanism of miRNAs in VSMCs are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of miR-340 in the proliferation of VSMCs.

 

The expression levels of miR-340 and von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor (VHL) in VSMCs induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) -BB or fetal bovine serum (FBS) were measured by q-PCR. The effects of miR-340 and VHL on cell proliferation and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8 assay.

Target gene prediction and screening as well as luciferase reporter assay were performed to verify the downstream target genes of miR-340. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VHL.

Our results showed that the miR-340 was up-regulated in PDGF-BB_ENREF_1or FBS induced VSMCs. In addition, overexpression of miR-340 promoted VSMCs proliferation and invasion. Moreover, VHL was found to be a potential target for miR-340, and up-regulation of VHL inhibited VSMCs proliferation.

MiR-340 plays a critical role in VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in rats carotid balloon injury model. Reduced expression levels of miR-340 promoted VHL-inhibited VSMCs proliferation. In conclusion, miR-340 may play a role in the regulation of proliferation of VSMCs by inhibition of VHL.

 

Human V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
DLR-MYC-Hu-48T	DL Develop	48T	EUR 498
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Human V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
DLR-MYC-Hu-96T	DL Develop	96T	EUR 647
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Mouse V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
DLR-MYC-Mu-48T	DL Develop	48T	EUR 508
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Mouse V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
DLR-MYC-Mu-96T	DL Develop	96T	EUR 661
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Rat V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
DLR-MYC-Ra-48T	DL Develop	48T	EUR 528
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Rat V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
DLR-MYC-Ra-96T	DL Develop	96T	EUR 690
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Human V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
RDR-MYC-Hu-48Tests	Reddot Biotech	48 Tests	EUR 522

Human V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
RDR-MYC-Hu-96Tests	Reddot Biotech	96 Tests	EUR 724

Mouse V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
RDR-MYC-Mu-48Tests	Reddot Biotech	48 Tests	EUR 534

Mouse V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
RDR-MYC-Mu-96Tests	Reddot Biotech	96 Tests	EUR 742

Rat V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
RDR-MYC-Ra-48Tests	Reddot Biotech	48 Tests	EUR 558

Rat V-Myc Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) ELISA Kit
RDR-MYC-Ra-96Tests	Reddot Biotech	96 Tests	EUR 776

c-Myc Epitope (Myc) Antibody
20-abx130438	Abbexa	EUR 314.00 EUR 759.00 EUR 411.00 EUR 154.00 EUR 244.00	100 ug 1 mg 200 ug 20 ug 50 ug

c-Myc Epitope (Myc) Antibody
20-abx132269	Abbexa	EUR 439.00 EUR 133.00 EUR 1261.00 EUR 606.00 EUR 342.00	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug

c-Myc Oncoprotein; Clone 9E10.3 (Concentrate)
RA0226-C.1	ScyTek Laboratories	0.1 ml	EUR 125

c-Myc Oncoprotein; Clone 9E10.3 (Concentrate)
RA0226-C.5	ScyTek Laboratories	0.5 ml	EUR 300

c-Myc Oncoprotein; Clone MYC909 (Concentrate)
RA0227-C.1	ScyTek Laboratories	0.1 ml	EUR 125

c-Myc Oncoprotein; Clone MYC909 (Concentrate)
RA0227-C.5	ScyTek Laboratories	0.5 ml	EUR 300

C-myc Antibody
48044-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 333

C-myc Antibody
48044-50ul	SAB	50ul	EUR 239

c-MYC Antibody
AF0358	Affbiotech	200ul	EUR 304
Description: MYC antibody detects endogenous levels of total MYC.

C-Myc Antibody
3995-100	Biovision		EUR 327

C-Myc Antibody
3995-30T	Biovision		EUR 146

C-Myc Antibody
6767-100	Biovision		EUR 316

C-myc antibody
20R-CC001	Fitzgerald	200 ug	EUR 381
Description: Chicken polyclonal C-myc antibody

c Myc antibody
10R-8403	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 393
Description: Mouse monoclonal c Myc antibody

C-myc antibody
10R-C101a	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 543
Description: Mouse monoclonal C-myc antibody

C-myc antibody
70-CC18	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 331
Description: Affinity purified Chicken polyclonal C-myc antibody

C-myc antibody
70R-10651	Fitzgerald	1 ml	EUR 430
Description: Affinity purified Chicken polyclonal C-myc antibody

c-Myc antibody
70R-32862	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 457
Description: Rabbit polyclonal c-Myc antibody

C-myc antibody
70R-CG001	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 381
Description: Affinity purified Goat polyclonal C-myc antibody

Human recombinant purified His-tag c-myc protein (~65 kda) control
MYC17-C	Alpha Diagnostics	100 ul	EUR 286

Monoclonal MYC / c-Myc Antibody (aa408-420)
AMM02198G	Leading Biology	0.05mg	EUR 484
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human MYC / c-Myc (aa408-420). The antibodies are raised in Mouse. This antibody is applicable in IHC-P, E

Polyclonal MYC / c-Myc Antibody (aa25-74)
APR02915G	Leading Biology	0.05ml	EUR 484
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MYC / c-Myc (aa25-74). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

Polyclonal MYC / c-Myc Antibody (aa386-435)
APR02947G	Leading Biology	0.05ml	EUR 484
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MYC / c-Myc (aa386-435). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
20-abx118000	Abbexa	EUR 551.00 EUR 481.00	100 ul 50 ul

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx037911-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 391

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
20-abx133153	Abbexa	EUR 300.00 EUR 439.00 EUR 189.00	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
20-abx133248	Abbexa	EUR 300.00 EUR 439.00 EUR 189.00	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
20-abx133250	Abbexa	EUR 300.00 EUR 439.00 EUR 189.00	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
20-abx133912	Abbexa	EUR 356.00 EUR 537.00 EUR 217.00	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx139766-01mg	Abbexa	0.1 mg	EUR 384

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
20-abx137079	Abbexa	EUR 356.00 EUR 523.00	0.5 mg 1 mg

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
20-abx008959	Abbexa	EUR 300.00 EUR 439.00 EUR 189.00	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
20-abx008960	Abbexa	EUR 300.00 EUR 439.00 EUR 189.00	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

Myc Proto-Oncogene (C-Myc Peptide) Antibody
abx023934-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 314

Myc Proto-Oncogene (C-Myc Peptide) Antibody
abx023935-01ml	Abbexa	0.1 ml	EUR 314

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx018354-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 495

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx022462-02mg	Abbexa	0.2 mg	EUR 523

Myc Proto-Oncogene (c-Myc Peptide) Antibody
abx022463-02mg	Abbexa	0.2 mg	EUR 509

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx413504-01mg	Abbexa	0.1 mg	EUR 634

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx413821-1mg	Abbexa	1 mg	EUR 829

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx413825-2mg	Abbexa	2 mg	EUR 1525

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx413826-01mg	Abbexa	0.1 mg	EUR 411

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx413829-20ug	Abbexa	20 ug	EUR 272

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-MYC) Antibody
abx231791-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 551

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx448567-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 523

Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (c-Myc) Antibody
abx448568-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 523

c-Myc
RA25085	Neuromics	100 ul	EUR 513

C-Myc
MYCF-100T	ImmunoStep	100 test	EUR 505

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES6307-100ul	ELK Biotech	100ul	EUR 279
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES6307-50ul	ELK Biotech	50ul	EUR 207
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES6308-100ul	ELK Biotech	100ul	EUR 279
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES6308-50ul	ELK Biotech	50ul	EUR 207
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

Anti-c-Myc Antibody
PA1555	BosterBio	100ug/vial	EUR 294

Anti-c-Myc Antibody
PB9092	BosterBio	100ug/vial	EUR 334

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES2009-50ul	ELK Biotech	50ul	EUR 207
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES2011-100ul	ELK Biotech	100ul	EUR 279
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, IF, WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
EA053-100ul	ELK Biotech	100ul	EUR 279
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
EA053-50ul	ELK Biotech	50ul	EUR 207
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES2009-100ul	ELK Biotech	100ul	EUR 279
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES2010-100ul	ELK Biotech	100ul	EUR 279
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, IF, WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES2010-50ul	ELK Biotech	50ul	EUR 207
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, IF, WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES2011-50ul	ELK Biotech	50ul	EUR 207
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, IF, WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES1182-100ul	ELK Biotech	100ul	EUR 279
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ES1182-50ul	ELK Biotech	50ul	EUR 207
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against c-Myc from Human. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA

Anti-c-Myc antibody
STJ119460	St John's Laboratory	100 µl	EUR 277
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a multifunctional, nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation. It functions as a transcription factor that regulates transcription of specific target genes. Mutations, overexpression, rearrangement and translocation of this gene have been associated with a variety of hematopoietic tumors, leukemias and lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma. There is evidence to show that alternative translation initiations from an upstream, in-frame non-AUG (CUG) and a downstream AUG start site result in the production of two isoforms with distinct N-termini. The synthesis of non-AUG initiated protein is suppressed in Burkitt's lymphomas, suggesting its importance in the normal function of this gene.

Anti-C-myc antibody
STJ160092	St John's Laboratory	7 mL P	EUR 695

Anti-c-myc antibody
STJ180021	St John's Laboratory	0.1 ml	EUR 235

Polyclonal C-Myc Antibody
APR00240G	Leading Biology	0.1mg	EUR 484
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human C-Myc . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

c-Myc Tag Antibody
35536-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 252

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ABP51010-003ml	Abbkine	0.03ml	EUR 158
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of c-Myc from Human, Mouse, Rat. This c-Myc antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human c-Myc around the non-phosphorylation site of T358

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ABP51010-01ml	Abbkine	0.1ml	EUR 289
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of c-Myc from Human, Mouse, Rat. This c-Myc antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human c-Myc around the non-phosphorylation site of T358

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ABP51010-02ml	Abbkine	0.2ml	EUR 414
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of c-Myc from Human, Mouse, Rat. This c-Myc antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human c-Myc around the non-phosphorylation site of T358

c-Myc Polyclonal Antibody
ABP51011-003ml	Abbkine	0.03ml	EUR 158
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of c-Myc from Human, Mouse, Rat. This c-Myc antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human c-Myc at AA range: 360-440