Introduction: Unlike Escherichia coli , Campylobacter jejuni is unable to import a range of sugars, including arabinose, which makes common expression vectors, such as pBAD33, non-functional in these bacteria.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the E. coli transporters AraE and modified LacY (LacYA177C) would enable C. jejuni to uptake arabinose.

Methodology and results: The respective genes of E. coli were constitutively expressed in C. jejuni strain 11168H after integration into the chromosome via homologous recombination. Vectors carrying these genes also contained a reporter gene, gfp, under the control of the arabinose-inducible promoter, pBAD. These constructs were verified in E. coli by demonstrating the induction of gfp in the presence of arabinose.

Integration of the genes into one of the rRNA gene clusters was verified by PCR and genome sequencing. The latter also confirmed that the inserted gene clusters contained no mutations. Expression of the gfp gene in the presence of arabinose inducer was monitored using fluorescence microscopy of colonies and fluorimetry using both whole cells and lysates.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated the inability of C. jejuni to use arabinose transporters, which are fully functional in E. coli , suggesting a remarkable difference in the physiology of these bacteria.

 

Genome-Wide Analysis of Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein Genes in Fig Wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

 

• The innate immunity is the most important defense against pathogen of insects, and the peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) play an important role in the processes of immune recognition and initiation of Toll, IMD and other signal pathways. In fig wasps, pollinators and non-pollinators present different evolutionary histories and lifestyles, even though both are closely associated with fig syconia, which may indicate their different patterns in the evolution of PGRPs.
• By manual annotation, we got all the PGRP genes of 12 fig wasp species, containing seven pollinators and five non-pollinators, and investigated their putative different evolutionary patterns. We found that the number of PGRP genes in pollinators was significantly lower than in non-pollinators, and the number of catalytic PGRP presented a declining trend in pollinators.
• More importantly, PGRP-SA is associated with initiating the Toll pathway, as well as gram-negative bacteria-binding proteins (GNBPs), which were completely lost in pollinators, which led us to speculate that the initiation of Toll pathway was simpler in pollinators than in non-pollinators.
• We concluded that fig pollinators owned a more streamlined innate immune recognition system than non-pollinators. Our results provide molecular evidence for the adaptive evolution of innate immunity in insects of host specificity.

 

Comparative genomics of Alexander Fleming’s original Penicillium isolate (IMI 15378) reveals sequence divergence of penicillin synthesis genes 

Antibiotics were derived originally from wild organisms and therefore understanding how these compounds evolve among different lineages might help with the design of new antimicrobial drugs. We report the draft genome sequence of Alexander Fleming’s original fungal isolate behind the discovery of penicillin, now classified as Penicillium rubens Biourge (1923) (IMI 15378). We compare the structure of the genome and genes involved in penicillin synthesis with those in two ‘high producing’ industrial strains of P. rubens and the closely related species P. nalgiovense.

The main effector genes for producing penicillin G (pcbAB, pcbC and penDE) show amino acid divergence between the Fleming strain and both industrial strains, whereas a suite of regulatory genes are conserved. Homologs of penicillin N effector genes cefD1 and cefD2 were also found and the latter displayed amino acid divergence between the Fleming strain and industrial strains.

The draft assemblies contain several partial duplications of penicillin-pathway genes in all three P. rubens strains, to differing degrees, which we hypothesise might be involved in regulation of the pathway. The two industrial strains are identical in sequence across all effector and regulatory genes but differ in duplication of the pcbAB-pcbC-penDE complex and partial duplication of fragments of regulatory genes. We conclude that evolution in the wild encompassed both sequence changes of the effector genes and gene duplication, whereas human-mediated changes through mutagenesis and artificial selection led to duplication of the penicillin pathway genes.

Transposon Insertion in the purL Gene Induces Biofilm Depletion in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922

Current Escherichia coli antibiofilm treatments comprise a combination of antibiotics commonly used against planktonic cells, leading to treatment failure. A better understanding of the genes involved in biofilm formation could facilitate the development of efficient and specific new antibiofilm treatments.

A total of 2578 E. coli mutants were generated by transposon insertion, of which 536 were analysed in this study. After sequencing, Tn263 mutant, classified as low biofilm-former (LF) compared to the wild-type (wt) strain (ATCC 25922), showed an interruption in the purL gene, involved in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway.

To elucidate the role of purL in biofilm formation, a knockout was generated showing reduced production of curli fibres, leading to an impaired biofilm formation. These conditions were restored by complementation of the strain or addition of exogenous inosine. Proteomic and transcriptional analyses were performed to characterise the differences caused by purL alterations.

Thirteen proteins were altered compared to wt. The corresponding genes were analysed by qRT-PCR not only in the Tn263 and wt, but also in clinical strains with different biofilm activity. Overall, this study suggests that purL is essential for biofilm formation in E. coli and can be considered as a potential antibiofilm target.

 

Characterizing patient-oncologist communication in genomic tumor testing: The 21-gene recurrence score as an exemplar

Objective: Women with early-stage, ER + breast cancer are recommend to receive genomic profiling tests, such as the 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) test, to guide treatment decisions. We examined test- and treatment-related information discussed and the associations between RS categories and aspects of communication during patient-oncologist clinical encounters.

Methods: As part of a larger trial, clinical encounters (N = 46) were audiorecorded and coded for 1) RS- and treatment-related information, 2) shared decision making, 3) patient active participation, and 4) oncologist patient-centered communication. We examined differences by RS category using mixed models, adjusting for nesting within oncologist.

Results: Patients with a high RS were more likely to receive a chemotherapy recommendation (p < .01), hear about the risks/side effects of chemotherapy (p < .01), and offer their preferences (p = .02) than those with intermediate or low RS. Elements of shared decision making increased with RS. Oncologist patient-centered communication (M = 4.09/5, SD = .25) and patient active participation (M = 3.5/4, SD = 1.0) were high across RS.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that disease severity, rather than clinical uncertainty, impact treatment recommendations and shared decision making.

Practice implications: Oncologists adjust test- and treatment-related information and shared decision making by disease severity. This information provides a framework to inform decision making in complex cancer and genomics settings.

 

Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) ELISA Kit
DLR-ACTN3-Hu-48T	DL Develop	48T	EUR 597.6
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) ELISA Kit
DLR-ACTN3-Hu-96T	DL Develop	96T	EUR 776.4
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) ELISA Kit
RD-ACTN3-Hu-48Tests	Reddot Biotech	48 Tests	EUR 600

Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) ELISA Kit
RD-ACTN3-Hu-96Tests	Reddot Biotech	96 Tests	EUR 830.4

Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) ELISA Kit
RDR-ACTN3-Hu-48Tests	Reddot Biotech	48 Tests	EUR 626.4

Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) ELISA Kit
RDR-ACTN3-Hu-96Tests	Reddot Biotech	96 Tests	EUR 868.8

Rabbit Polyclonal antibody Anti-CRBN
Anti-CRBN	ImmunoStep	50 µg	EUR 418.8

ACTN3 antibody
70R-49332	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 292.8
Description: Purified Polyclonal ACTN3 antibody

ACTN3 antibody
70R-32269	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 392.4
Description: Rabbit polyclonal ACTN3 antibody

ACTN3 Antibody
34157-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 302.4

ACTN3 Antibody
34157-50ul	SAB	50ul	EUR 224.4

ACTN3 Antibody
ABD7803	Lifescience Market	100 ug	EUR 525.6

ACTN3 Antibody
ABD8016	Lifescience Market	100 ug	EUR 525.6

ACTN3 Antibody
1-CSB-PA000816	Cusabio	EUR 266.40 EUR 234.00	100ug 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN3 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/20000

ACTN3 Antibody
1-CSB-PA001243LA01HU	Cusabio	EUR 380.40 EUR 402.00	100ug 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN3 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IF; Recommended dilution: IF:1:50-1:200

ACTN3 Antibody
1-CSB-PA124802	Cusabio	EUR 380.40 EUR 292.80	100ul 50ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN3 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, WB:1:500-1:2000

ACTN3 Antibody
1-CSB-PA288460	Cusabio	EUR 380.40 EUR 292.80	100ul 50ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN3 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, WB:1:500-1:2000

ACTN3 Antibody
DF8016	Affbiotech	200ul	EUR 420

ACTN3 antibody
PAab10008	Lifescience Market	100 ug	EUR 463.2

ACTN3 Antibody
R32494	NSJ Bioreagents	100 ug	EUR 419

Anti-ACTN3 Antibody (monoclonal, 9B5)
M02693	BosterBio	100ug/vial	EUR 400.8

ACTN2 / ACTN3 Antibody
abx332374-100ul	Abbexa	100 ul	EUR 510

ACTN2 / ACTN3 Antibody
20-abx329446	Abbexa	EUR 376.80 EUR 292.80	100 ug 50 ug

Polyclonal ACTN3 Antibody
APR14796G	Leading Biology	0.1ml	EUR 580.8
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human ACTN3 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

ACTN2/ACTN3 Antibody
1-CSB-PA000815	Cusabio	EUR 266.40 EUR 234.00	100ug 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN2/ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN2/ACTN3 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/20000

ACTN2/ACTN3 Antibody
CSB-PA960396-	Cusabio		EUR 402
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN2/ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN2/ACTN3 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF;WB:1:500-1:3000, IHC:1:50-1:100, IF:1:100-1:500

ACTN2/ACTN3 Antibody
CSB-PA960396-100ul	Cusabio	100ul	EUR 379.2
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN2/ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN2/ACTN3 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF;WB:1:500-1:3000, IHC:1:50-1:100, IF:1:100-1:500

ACTN3 Conjugated Antibody
C34157	SAB	100ul	EUR 476.4

ACTN3 siRNA
20-abx906644	Abbexa	EUR 661.20 EUR 878.40	15 nmol 30 nmol

ACTN3 siRNA
20-abx906645	Abbexa	EUR 661.20 EUR 878.40	15 nmol 30 nmol

Polyclonal ACTN3 Antibody (Center)
APR14798G	Leading Biology	0.1ml	EUR 580.8
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human ACTN3 (Center). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

ACTN3 Antibody, HRP conjugated
1-CSB-PA001243LB01HU	Cusabio	EUR 380.40 EUR 402.00	100ug 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN3 from Human. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

ACTN3 Antibody, FITC conjugated
1-CSB-PA001243LC01HU	Cusabio	EUR 380.40 EUR 402.00	100ug 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN3 from Human. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

ACTN3 Antibody, Biotin conjugated
1-CSB-PA001243LD01HU	Cusabio	EUR 380.40 EUR 402.00	100ug 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN3. Recognizes ACTN3 from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

Anti-Human ACTN3 DyLight® 488 conjugated Antibody
A02693-Dyl488	BosterBio	100ug/vial	EUR 412.8

Anti-Human ACTN3 DyLight® 550 conjugated Antibody
A02693-Dyl550	BosterBio	100ug/vial	EUR 412.8

Polyclonal Goat anti-GST α-form
GST-ANTI-1	Detroit R&D	50 uL	EUR 336

Polyclonal Goat anti-GST μ-form
GST-ANTI-2	Detroit R&D	50 uL	EUR 336

Polyclonal Goat anti-GST p-form
GST-ANTI-3	Detroit R&D	50 uL	EUR 336

ACTN3 Rabbit pAb
A12797-100ul	Abclonal	100 ul	EUR 369.6

ACTN3 Rabbit pAb
A12797-200ul	Abclonal	200 ul	EUR 550.8

ACTN3 Rabbit pAb
A12797-20ul	Abclonal	20 ul	EUR 219.6

ACTN3 Rabbit pAb
A12797-50ul	Abclonal	50 ul	EUR 267.6

ACTN3 Rabbit pAb
A12864-100ul	Abclonal	100 ul	EUR 369.6

ACTN3 Rabbit pAb
A12864-200ul	Abclonal	200 ul	EUR 550.8

ACTN3 Rabbit pAb
A12864-20ul	Abclonal	20 ul	EUR 219.6

ACTN3 Rabbit pAb
A12864-50ul	Abclonal	50 ul	EUR 267.6

ACTN3 Blocking Peptide
20-abx062207	Abbexa	EUR 326.40 EUR 493.20	1 mg 5 mg

ACTN3 Blocking Peptide
DF8016-BP	Affbiotech	1mg	EUR 234

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
abx038105-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 469.2

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
20-abx009624	Abbexa	EUR 360.00 EUR 526.80 EUR 226.80	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
20-abx130639	Abbexa	EUR 493.20 EUR 159.60 EUR 1378.80 EUR 678.00 EUR 376.80	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
20-abx013892	Abbexa	EUR 376.80 EUR 117.60 EUR 477.60 EUR 594.00	100 ug 10 ug 200 ug 300 µg

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
abx026732-400ul	Abbexa	400 ul	EUR 627.6

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
abx026732-80l	Abbexa	80 µl	EUR 343.2

ACTN1 / ACTN2 / ACTN3 / ACTN4 Antibody
abx332562-100ul	Abbexa	100 ul	EUR 510

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
abx230122-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 610.8

Alpha Actinin 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
20-abx328117	Abbexa	EUR 376.80 EUR 292.80	100 ug 50 ug

ACTN1 / ACTN2 / ACTN3 / ACTN4 Antibody
20-abx328684	Abbexa	EUR 376.80 EUR 292.80	100 ug 50 ug

Alpha Actinin 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
20-abx213418	Abbexa	EUR 493.20 EUR 360.00	100 ul 50 ul

Alpha Actinin 3 (ACTN3) Antibody
20-abx213419	Abbexa	EUR 493.20 EUR 360.00	100 ul 50 ul

Polyclonal ACTN3 Antibody (aa1-50)
APR14797G	Leading Biology	0.05ml	EUR 580.8
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human ACTN3 (aa1-50). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

ACTN1/ACTN2/ACTN3/ACTN4 Antibody
1-CSB-PA000814	Cusabio	EUR 266.40 EUR 234.00	100ug 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN1/ACTN2/ACTN3/ACTN4. Recognizes ACTN1/ACTN2/ACTN3/ACTN4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/20000

ACTN1/ACTN2/ACTN3/ACTN4 Antibody
CSB-PA096347-	Cusabio		EUR 402
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN1/ACTN2/ACTN3/ACTN4. Recognizes ACTN1/ACTN2/ACTN3/ACTN4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:3000

ACTN1/ACTN2/ACTN3/ACTN4 Antibody
CSB-PA096347-100ul	Cusabio	100ul	EUR 379.2
Description: A polyclonal antibody against ACTN1/ACTN2/ACTN3/ACTN4. Recognizes ACTN1/ACTN2/ACTN3/ACTN4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:3000

ACTN3 Antibody / Alpha Actinin 3
RQ4625	NSJ Bioreagents	100ug	EUR 419

Human ACTN3 shRNA Plasmid
20-abx950055	Abbexa	EUR 961.20 EUR 1345.20	150 µg 300 µg

Mouse ACTN3 shRNA Plasmid
20-abx969019	Abbexa	EUR 961.20 EUR 1345.20	150 µg 300 µg

Rat ACTN3 ELISA Kit
ERA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Rabbit ACTN3 ELISA Kit
ERTA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Mouse ACTN3 ELISA Kit
EMA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Porcine ACTN3 ELISA Kit
EPA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human ACTN3 ELISA Kit
EHA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Goat ACTN3 ELISA Kit
EGTA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Canine ACTN3 ELISA Kit
ECA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Anserini ACTN3 ELISA Kit
EAA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Bovine ACTN3 ELISA Kit
EBA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

ACTN3 ELISA KIT|Human
EF003149	Lifescience Market	96 Tests	EUR 826.8

Human ACTN3 ELISA Kit
ELA-E1104h	Lifescience Market	96 Tests	EUR 988.8

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Polyclonal Antibody (Human)
4-PAB104Hu01	Cloud-Clone	EUR 286.80 EUR 2869.20 EUR 717.60 EUR 358.80 EUR 253.20	100ul 10ml 1ml 200ul 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3)

ACTN3 ELISA Kit (Mouse) (OKEH05687)
OKEH05687	Aviva Systems Biology	96 Wells	EUR 794.4
Description: Description of target: F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein.;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 41 pg/mL

ACTN3 ELISA Kit (Human) (OKEH04449)
OKEH04449	Aviva Systems Biology	96 Wells	EUR 794.4
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes a member of the alpha-actin binding protein gene family. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and functions as a structural component of sarcomeric Z line. This protein is involved in crosslinking actin containing thin filaments. An allelic polymorphism in this gene results in both coding and non-coding variants; the reference genome represents the coding allele. The non-functional allele of this gene is associated with elite athlete status.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 4.1 pg/mL

Actn3 ORF Vector (Rat) (pORF)
ORF063016	ABM	1.0 ug DNA	EUR 607.2

ACTN3 ORF Vector (Human) (pORF)
ORF012141	ABM	1.0 ug DNA	EUR 424.8

Actn3 ORF Vector (Mouse) (pORF)
ORF038023	ABM	1.0 ug DNA	EUR 607.2

Guinea Pig ACTN3 ELISA Kit
EGA0390	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Recombinant Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3)
4-RPB104Hu01	Cloud-Clone	EUR 550.08 EUR 271.20 EUR 1732.80 EUR 657.60 EUR 1195.20 EUR 444.00 EUR 4152.00	100 ug 10ug 1 mg 200 ug 500 ug 50ug 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Actinin Alpha 3 expressed in: E.coli

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), APC
4-PAB104Hu01-APC	Cloud-Clone	EUR 399.60 EUR 3735.60 EUR 1046.40 EUR 507.60 EUR 258.00	100ul 10ml 1ml 200ul 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3). This antibody is labeled with APC.

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), Biotinylated
4-PAB104Hu01-Biotin	Cloud-Clone	EUR 363.60 EUR 2809.20 EUR 836.40 EUR 442.80 EUR 259.20	100ul 10ml 1ml 200ul 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.

Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), Cy3
4-PAB104Hu01-Cy3	Cloud-Clone	EUR 483.60 EUR 4930.80 EUR 1345.20 EUR 627.60 EUR 294.00	100ul 10ml 1ml 200ul 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Actinin Alpha 3 (ACTN3). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.